Combating Dust Mites
Dust mites are ancient organisms capable of adapting to various lifestyles and environments. They typically proliferate in warm and humid areas, such as urban homes, whereas in mountainous regions, where the climate is drier, their presence is significantly reduced.
Where do domestic dust mites nest?
These organisms feed on the dead skin cells we produce daily. They are most commonly found in upholstered and padded areas of the home that come into contact with our skin, such as:
- Spring or wool mattresses
- Blankets and duvets
- The underside of bunk beds: this area accumulates not only allergens from the bed below but also from the bed above
- Pillows: the preference for synthetic pillows over feather ones has been shown to be a misconception. The tight weave used to contain the feathers in pillows is sufficiently dense to prevent the passage of mites or their allergens
- Children’s toys: these contain allergen levels three times higher than those found in beds
- Pets: mites also feed on pet dander. Allergens have been found in pet beds and feeding areas.
An interesting correlation exists between higher socioeconomic status and the presence of dust mites: higher education, greater income, and fewer people living in a household appear to be associated with increased mite populations.
Dust mites and skin integrity
Dust mite allergens can trigger allergic reactions, which in some cases lead to acute dermatitis. Moreover, their activity may sensitize the skin to other allergens.
Dust mites produce proteolytic digestive enzymes that disrupt the epithelial barrier, causing itching not due to allergy, but as a result of inflammation triggered by irritation. In fact, antihistamines are ineffective in treating atopic dermatitis caused by this mechanism. Additionally, these enzymes delay healing and the restoration of epidermal barrier function. Damaged skin becomes more susceptible to other allergens, which can penetrate the compromised stratum corneum and encounter an environment already inflamed by both irritation and the production of IgE antibodies against dust mite allergens.
To conclude, to counteract domestic dust mites, it is advisable to use air conditioners or dehumidifiers to maintain a dry environment and to cover beds and blankets with appropriate anti-mite encasings that prevent direct contact between the skin and allergens. Finally, to preserve skin integrity, the use of third-generation emollients capable of hydrating and stimulating the repair of the skin barrier is recommended.
References: Miller J. D. (2019). The Role of Dust Mites in Allergy. Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 57(3), 312–329.
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